This work depicts the familiar tale of the Pied Piper, a character from folklore who lured away the rats from the town of Hamelin with his magical flute and later the town's children when the townspeople failed to pay him for his services.

Chagall's interpretation of this story is characterized by his distinctive style, which often blends elements of Cubism, Surrealism, and Fauvism with folkloric motifs and dreamlike imagery. In Le Joueur de Flûte, Chagall employs vibrant colors, fantastical figures, and symbolic elements to create a whimsical and enchanting scene.

The central figure of the Pied Piper is depicted playing his flute, surrounded by a swirling mass of colorful forms that represent the mesmerized rats and children following him. Chagall's bold, expressive brushstrokes and dynamic composition add movement and energy to the painting, enhancing the magical and otherworldly atmosphere.

Throughout his career, Chagall often drew inspiration from folklore, mythology, and his memories of growing up in Russia. Le Joueur de Flûte reflects his ongoing fascination with storytelling and his unique ability to imbue his work with wonder and imagination.