This work is a rare proof, before the book edition, signed by Marc Chagall. This example was handpicked by Marc Chagall and signed by him outside the black-and-white edition. This work is the only known example in private hand purchased directly from the Chagall Estate. The facets are edged and slightly more pronounced than those of the book edition, with slight differences in printing.

This work depicts the biblical story from the Book of Exodus in which Moses breaks the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments upon seeing the Israelites worshiping the golden calf. This act symbolizes Moses' frustration and disappointment with his people's betrayal of God's commandments.

The painting features Chagall's dreamlike imagery, and symbolic elements. Chagall often used biblical themes in his work to explore universal human experiences such as love, faith, and suffering.